Great Speaker (political ruler as well as a divine representative of the gods)Ģ. How was the Aztec society organized? What role did women have? - Social rankġ. Also, an Aztec official was placed in each capital to collect tribute from local officials. They would move warriors and their families to each province's capital to ensure the province remained under Aztec control. What other methods of control did the Aztec utilize to govern? The Aztecs grouped city-states into provinces. The conquered people were extended Aztec protection in exchange. This allowed Aztec political dominance without direct administrative control. The Aztecs let local rulers stay in their positions as tribute collectors. Tribute also included practical goods like food, cloth, firewood, feathers, beads, and jewelry. How did the Aztecs utilize a tribute system to control their population? The Aztecs used a tribute system so that the conquered people were forced to pay a tribute, surrender lands, and perform military service. Their observations of Venus from their observatory enabled Mayan priests to make a calendar more accurate than the one used in Europe at the time. They had no telescopes, but the Mayans were among the best astronomers and mathematicians of early times. Priests studied the heavens and calendars to predict the future and to determine if a time was right for war. Religion and science was closely connected Why were the Mayans called the "Greeks of the New World"? (give a specific example in your answer) - Called this because of their cultural achievements Mayans made offering to the gods in hopes of their prayers being answered and in temple ceremonies, war captives were killed as offerings to the gods. Also, the Mayans worshiped many deities and the most important were those of the sun, rain, and corn. The priests led religious ceremonies and festivals at regular times based on the Mayan calendar. Priests held great power and women could also be priests. ![]() Religion was very important in the Maya culture and government. Explain the role of religion in the Maya government and culture. The common people of the Maya were required to pay taxes, typically in the form of crops, and to provide labor to the government. Also, each Mayan king claimed to be from a god and the king directed activities of the priests and elite scribes who administered the affairs of the state. Even though there was no central government that ruled all Mayan lands, usually one city-state was the strongest in a region and would dominate its neighbors. City-states had no standing armies, so governments required citizens to provide military service if needed. Although, Mayans rarely fought to control territory because they usually fought to gain tribute (payments from the conquered to the conqueror) and captives to be used as human sacrifices. Wars between city-states were typical and at times, city-states were overthrown. Most of the rulers were men but, if no male heir was available or old enough, Mayan women ruled. Summarize the governing structure of the Maya. Both groups declined later in the 13th century because of the climate becoming drier. Due to the climate, trees were small and limited, so people had little wood to build their homes with. They had to come up with these new innovations because the people lived in a dry region, so they developed ways to collect, transport, and store water efficiently. The Mesa Verde people built multi-story homes into the sides of cliffs with the use of bricks made of sandstone. Some of these structures included hundreds of rooms. How do the Chaco and Mesa Verde exemplify innovative advancements? Why did they have to do this? - The Chaco build large housing structures using clay and stones. There might be two different theories because historians are not one hundred percent as to why the Mississippians moved. The second theory says that diseases introduced by the Europeans decimated the population. One theory suggests that flooding or other weather extremes caused crop failures and the collapse of the agricultural economy needed to sustain the populations of the large cities. Historians do not agree on why these people moved. How did the Mississippian Culture decline? Why might there be different theories? - Mississppians left Cahokia around 1450 and then continued to leave other large Mississippians cities by 1600. ![]() Mississippians had a relatively strict type of caste system that they used to determine the roles in society people would have. Farmers, hunters, merchants, and aristians ![]() A chief, the Great Sun, ruled each large townģ. Explain how the Mississippian Culture organized their government and society.
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